91. The midoceanic ridges are:

(a) Elongated hill that is no higher than 1,000 meters

(b) Reminent of extinct volcano in the mid of the ocean

(c) Colossal mountain range which occupies almost one-third of the ocean floor

(d) Large mountain range that run parallel to the ocean basin

Answer: (c)

92. Sound is directed sideways as well as downward such that echoes reveal the bathymetry to either side of a surveying ship and water depth. This technique is known as sidescanning and the equipment used is:

(a) Echo sounder

(b) Reflectometer

(c) Echo sonar

(d) Sidescan sonar

Answer: (d)

93. Seismicity and volcanism are not randomly distributed over the earth’s surface; rather, they are confined to the edges of the plates. There are three fundamental types of plate boundaries. Which one of the following is not correct?

(a) Midoceanic ridges are boundaries where two plates under tension move apart from one another

(b) Compression is dominant at the boundaries of midoceanic ridges

(c) Subduction zones are plate boundaries where compression is dominant

(d) Ocean floor is neither created nor destroyed at the boundaries of Transform faults

Answer: (b)

94. Marine sediment is classified based on the size of the particles and origin of sediment. The two most important factors that determine the nature of a sediment deposit are:

(a) Particle-size distribution and energy conditions at the site of deposition

(b) Particle-shape and gradient on the ocean floor

(c) Particle density and nature of ocean currents

(d) Origin of sediment and geological agent involved in transportation of sediment

Answer: (a)

95. Salinity determinations from the world’s oceans have revealed an important, unexpected finding regarding the relationship between salinity and the relative proportions of the major chemical constituents. Which one of the following statement is correct?

(a) As salinity varies, the relative proportions of the major chemical constituents also vary

(b) As salinity increases, the relative proportions of the major chemical constituents decreases

(c) Salinity and relative proportions of the major chemical constituents vary from ocean to ocean

(d) Although salinity varies quite a bit because of difference in the total amount of dissolved salts, the relative proportions of the major chemical constituents are constant

Answer: (d)

96. The key activities associated with Geographical Information System are:

(a) Consumption, Analysis and Production

(b) Power generation, Consumption and Transportation

(c) Measurement, Mapping, Monitoring and Modelling

(d) Data capturing, Analysis and Production

Answer: (c)

97. Which one of the following are the functional elements of Geographical Information System?

(a) Database, process-oriented, application oriented and tool box approach

(b) Land oriented, surveying, digitization and storing approach

(c) Computer hardware, conceptual modelling and cartography

(d) Physiographic, geological, software and scanner approach

Answer: (a)

98. Which of the following required by a variety of user types possessing a range of skills and experiences as well as variable needs in terms of frequency and flexibility of access?

(a) Data capturing

(b) Data analysis

(c) Data base administration

(d) Data manipulation

Answer: (d)

99. Which one of the following are the data quality components?

(a) Location, weather conditions mapping and tool conditions

(b) Accuracy, precision, resolution, consistency and completeness

(c) Coverage, accuracy, location and human efforts

(d) Qualities of hardware, technique, modelling and databank

Answer: (b)

100. Budget cost, type of application, timeliness required in data production, level of understanding, training of staff and the appropriateness, accessibility and availability of the input data decides the application of:

(a) Temporal and spatial coverage

(b) Employment of human efforts

(c) Employment of hardware and software

(d) Data, tables, digitations and cartography

Answer: (c)