1. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of participatory research?
(A) It recognizes knowledge as power.
(B) It emphasises on people as experts.
(C) It is a collective process of enquiry.
(D) Its sole purpose is production of knowledge.


2. Which of the following statements is true in the context of the testing of a hypothesis?
(A) It is only the alternative hypothesis, that can be tested.
(B) It is only the null hypothesis, that can be tested.
(C) Both, the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
(D) Both, the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.



3. Which of the following are the basic rules of APA style of referencing format?
(a) Italicize titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays
(b) Invert authors’ names (last name first)
(c) Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals
(d) Alphabetically index reference list

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(A) (a) and (b)  
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (c) and (d)  
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)



4. Which of the following are the characteristics of a seminar?
(a) It is a form of academic instruction.
(b) It involves questioning, discussion and debates.
(c) It involves large groups of individuals.
(d) It needs involvement of skilled persons.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below
(A) (b) and (c)
(B) (b) and (d)
(C) (b), (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b) and (d)



5. A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. What tool should he prefer for the study?
(A) Rating scale
(B) Interview
(C) Questionnaire
(D) Schedule


6. Ethical norms in research do not involve guidelines for:
(A) Thesis format
(B) Copyright
(C) Patenting policy
(D) Data sharing policies



7. Consider the argument given below:
‘Pre - employment testing of teachers is quite fair because doctors, architects and engineers who are now employed had to face such a testing.’

What type of argument it is?
(A) Deductive
(B) Analogical
(C) Psychological
(D) Biological



8. A definition that has a meaning that is deliberately assigned to some symbol is called:
(A) Lexical
(B) Precising
(C) Stipulative
(D) Persuasive



9. A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called
(A) An inference
(B) An argument
(C) An explanation
(D) A valid argument