This is Set 4 of 60 in the smartvidya question bank on Teaching Aptitude (UGC NET Paper 1, Unit I). Part I: Teaching: concept, objectives and levels. This set covers Understanding level of teaching and the Morrisonian model.
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Set 4: Levels of Teaching: Understanding Level
1. The understanding level of teaching is associated with
(a) B.F. Skinner
(b) H.C. Morrison
(c) M.L. Bigge
(d) J.F. Herbart
Ans. (b) H.C. Morrison — Explanation: Henry Clinton Morrison proposed the model of teaching for the understanding level. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
2. Understanding level teaching is also called
(a) thoughtless level
(b) drill level
(c) memory-cum-insight level
(d) introspective level
Ans. (c) memory-cum-insight level — Explanation: It includes memory and adds insight into relationships, so it is described as memory-cum-insight teaching. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
3. The main focus of understanding level teaching is
(a) rote recall of isolated facts
(b) solving original problems through hypothesis testing
(c) mastery of content through grasping relationships, principles and generalisations
(d) physical skill development
Ans. (c) mastery of content through grasping relationships, principles and generalisations — Explanation: Morrison stressed mastery learning in which pupils understand facts, rules and principles and can use them. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
4. The five steps of the Morrisonian model are
(a) exploration, presentation, assimilation, organisation, recitation
(b) problem, hypothesis, testing, conclusion, application
(c) preparation, presentation, association, generalisation, application
(d) focus, syntax, principles of reaction, support system, effects
Ans. (a) exploration, presentation, assimilation, organisation, recitation — Explanation: Morrison's steps are exploration, presentation, assimilation, organisation and recitation. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
5. In the Morrisonian model, the step in which the teacher tests the previous knowledge of pupils and analyses the content into units is
(a) recitation
(b) assimilation
(c) exploration
(d) presentation
Ans. (c) exploration — Explanation: Exploration involves finding out pupils' previous knowledge and dividing content into units before teaching. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
6. In the Morrisonian model, pupils present the learnt material orally or in writing in the step called
(a) generalisation
(b) exploration
(c) recitation
(d) organisation
Ans. (c) recitation — Explanation: In recitation, pupils present what they have learnt before the class, showing mastery. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
7. In the Morrisonian model, the step where pupils work on the material through generalisation, assignments and supervised study to make it their own is
(a) presentation
(b) assimilation
(c) recitation
(d) exploration
Ans. (b) assimilation — Explanation: Assimilation involves deep study by pupils in a laboratory-type setting under supervision, leading to understanding. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
8. The formula associated with Morrison's mastery approach is
(a) pre-test, teach the result, test the result, adapt procedure, teach and test again to the point of actual learning
(b) preparation, presentation, recapitulation
(c) stimulus, response, reinforcement
(d) plan, teach, observe, reflect
Ans. (a) pre-test, teach the result, test the result, adapt procedure, teach and test again to the point of actual learning — Explanation: Morrison's mastery formula repeats teaching and testing until actual learning is achieved. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
9. At the understanding level, the roles of teacher and pupils are
(a) active teacher and passive pupils
(b) passive teacher and active pupils, with no guidance at all
(c) passive for both
(d) active for both, with the teacher still guiding
Ans. (d) active for both, with the teacher still guiding — Explanation: Both teacher and pupils participate actively, though the teacher continues to guide and organise. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
10. Understanding level teaching is also described as
(a) thoughtful teaching
(b) thoughtless teaching
(c) purely mechanical teaching
(d) drill teaching
Ans. (a) thoughtful teaching — Explanation: Because it develops insight into relationships, the understanding level is called thoughtful teaching. [Ref: Levels of teaching]
11. Which evaluation tools suit understanding level teaching?
(a) Essay-type and objective tests that check comprehension and application
(b) Only oral recitation of poems
(c) Only tests of recall of dates
(d) No evaluation at all
Ans. (a) Essay-type and objective tests that check comprehension and application — Explanation: Evaluation at this level checks whether pupils can explain, interpret and apply what they have learnt. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
12. According to Morrison, the purpose of teaching is
(a) social adjustment only
(b) physical development only
(c) mastery of content by the pupil
(d) development of the creative faculty only
Ans. (c) mastery of content by the pupil — Explanation: Morrison emphasised mastery, meaning that pupils truly understand the unit before moving on. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
13. An essential condition for understanding level teaching is
(a) prior memory level learning of the relevant facts
(b) a fully self-directed learner
(c) complete absence of facts
(d) the reflective level already being achieved
Ans. (a) prior memory level learning of the relevant facts — Explanation: Understanding builds on facts already retained, so memory level learning is a prerequisite. [Ref: Levels of teaching]
14. Which activity indicates that understanding level learning has taken place?
(a) A student recognises the title of a chapter
(b) A student explains a principle in her own words and gives a new example
(c) A student repeats a definition word for word
(d) A student copies the teacher's notes neatly
Ans. (b) A student explains a principle in her own words and gives a new example — Explanation: Explaining in one's own words and giving examples show comprehension, beyond mere recall. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
15. The Morrisonian step "organisation" involves
(a) dividing pupils into groups randomly
(b) pupils presenting the material in an organised written form without help from books or the teacher
(c) the teacher arranging the furniture
(d) assigning marks to the pupils
Ans. (b) pupils presenting the material in an organised written form without help from books or the teacher — Explanation: In organisation, pupils write out the content in a systematic way, showing that they have mastered it. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
16. Understanding level teaching corresponds most closely to which levels of Bloom's original taxonomy?
(a) Synthesis and evaluation
(b) Comprehension and application
(c) Imitation and manipulation
(d) Receiving and responding
Ans. (b) Comprehension and application — Explanation: Understanding facts, principles and relationships and applying them corresponds to comprehension and application. [Ref: Bloom et al. (1956)]
17. The motivation used at the understanding level is
(a) not needed
(b) only punishment
(c) only extrinsic
(d) both extrinsic and intrinsic
Ans. (d) both extrinsic and intrinsic — Explanation: Both external rewards and the interest arising from meaningful understanding motivate learners at this level. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
18. Morrison's approach to teaching is based mainly on
(a) computer-assisted drill
(b) purely affective outcomes
(c) mastery of units of content
(d) unstructured exploration with no units
Ans. (c) mastery of units of content — Explanation: Morrison organised content into units and insisted on mastery of each unit. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
19. Insight in the sense used at the understanding level means
(a) memorising facts in sequence
(b) seeing the relationships between facts and principles
(c) imitating the teacher's actions
(d) feeling emotionally attached to a subject
Ans. (b) seeing the relationships between facts and principles — Explanation: Insight involves grasping how facts are connected and why a principle holds. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
20. The understanding level of teaching is described as teacher-cum-pupil centred because
(a) pupils decide the entire syllabus
(b) there is no teacher involved
(c) the teacher alone speaks throughout
(d) the teacher plans and guides while pupils participate actively
Ans. (d) the teacher plans and guides while pupils participate actively — Explanation: Both have active roles; the teacher organises and explains, and pupils think and participate. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
21. A drawback of understanding level teaching is that
(a) it ignores facts completely
(b) it does not need any planning
(c) it is suitable only for very young children
(d) it is still largely content- and teacher-controlled and may not develop independent problem-solving
Ans. (d) it is still largely content- and teacher-controlled and may not develop independent problem-solving — Explanation: The understanding level develops insight, but original thinking and problem-solving are the focus of the reflective level. [Ref: Levels of teaching]
22. In a science class, pupils learn why metals expand on heating and then explain why gaps are left in railway tracks. This shows teaching at the
(a) memory level
(b) reflective level
(c) pre-active level
(d) understanding level
Ans. (d) understanding level — Explanation: Pupils grasp a principle and apply it to a familiar situation, which is typical of understanding level learning. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
23. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Morrisonian model?
(a) Assimilation
(b) Generalisation
(c) Exploration
(d) Recitation
Ans. (b) Generalisation — Explanation: Generalisation is a Herbartian step; Morrison's steps are exploration, presentation, assimilation, organisation and recitation. [Ref: Morrisonian model]
24. At the understanding level, the social environment of the classroom is
(a) relatively more open than at the memory level, though still guided by the teacher
(b) fully authoritarian
(c) completely free of teacher influence
(d) identical to that at the reflective level
Ans. (a) relatively more open than at the memory level, though still guided by the teacher — Explanation: Pupils participate more and the climate is less authoritarian than at the memory level, but the teacher still directs learning. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
25. The understanding level of teaching mainly develops which ability in learners?
(a) Only obedience to rules
(b) Only artistic expression
(c) Pure physical strength
(d) Comprehension of facts, principles and their relationships
Ans. (d) Comprehension of facts, principles and their relationships — Explanation: The understanding level aims at comprehension, so that learners can explain and use principles. [Ref: Understanding level teaching]
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