1:-Which among the following variants of FSGS, is particularly frequent in secondary forms of FSGS mediated by adaptive structural-functional responses ?

A:-FSGS, not otherwise specified
B:-FSGS, perihilar variant
C:-FSGS, cellular variant
D:-FSGS, collapsing variant

Correct Answer:- Option-B

2:-Which among the following statement is/are false ?

I. Familial IgA nephropathy may have a good prognosis.
II. Macrohematuria is a more common presentation than asymptomatic microscopic haematuria, especially in the Asian population.
III. It is more frequent in white people and Asians than in African Americans.
IV. Mesangial IgA deposits are also present in 4-16% of normal, healthy adults, living and cadaveric donors.

A:-I and II
B:-I and III
C:-II and IV
D:-II

Correct Answer:- Option-A

3:-Causes of linear staining on direct immunofluorescence of renal tissue includes

I. Anti-GBM disease
II. Older patients with hypertensive vascular disease
III. Fibrillary nephritis.
IV. Transplant biopsies.

A:-I and IV
B:-I, III and IV
C:-I
D:-I, II, III and IV

Correct Answer:- Option-D

4:-The primary goal of the 0 by 25 initiative of the International Society of Nephrology is

A:-To promote kidney health in the age group of 0 years to 25 years
B:-To decrease the incidence of AKI by 25% in developing world by 2025
C:-To prevent avoidable deaths related to AKI by 2025
D:-To be able to get 0 AKI cases in the developing world by 2025

Correct Answer:- Option-C

5:-Which of the following statements is false regarding Glomerulonephritis associated with Complement Disorders ?

A:-Enhanced surface C3 activation underlies the pathogenesis of atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (aHUS)
B:-Enhanced plasma C3 activation is typically seen in Dense Deposit Disease (DDD)
C:-C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF) is present in the majority of patients C3 glomerulonephritis and approximately 50% of patients with DDD
D:-Up to 80% of patients with DDD and up to half of the patients with C3GN have low levels of serum C3

Correct Answer:- Option-C

6:-All are markers of AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) EXCEPT

A:-Urinary KIM-1
B:-IGFBP-7
C:-Urinary IL-18
D:-Urinary MCP-1

Correct Answer:- Option-D

7:-According to KDIGO classification system albuminuria Stage A2 is characterized by

A:-Urine albumin to creatinine ratio <30 mg per gram of creatinine
B:-Urine albumin to creatinine ratio <30 mg per mg of creatinine
C:-Urine albumin to creatinine ratio 30-300 mg per gram of creatinine
D:-Urine albumin to creatinine ratio 30-300 mg per mg of creatinine

Correct Answer:- Option-C

8:-In classification of Diabetic kidney disease by histology, Stage 3 is characterized by

A:-Mild mesangial expansion
B:-Severe mesangial expansion
C:-Nodular sclerosis (Kimmelsteil-Wilson Lesion)
D:-Advanced glomerulosclerosis

Correct Answer:- Option-C

9:-Which of the following parasite localizes in the bladder wall ?

A:-Schistosoma mansoni
B:-Schistosoma hematobium
C:-Schistosoma japonicum
D:-All of the above

Correct Answer:- Option-A

10:-Quantitative counts of bacteria in the suprapubic aspiration specimen of urine for microbiologic diagnosis of Urinary tract infection in patients not receiving antimicrobial therapy is

A:-More than 102
B:-More than 103
C:-More than 105
D:-Any growth

Correct Answer:- Option-D